Training of muslim women in Daesh digital magazines

Authors

  • María Navarro-Granados Universidad de Huelva

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4126

Keywords:

Women muslim, Islamic groups, Extremism, Education, Feminism, Islam, Prevent

Abstract

In this paper we analyse the education of Muslim women in the official digital magazines of the Daesh group: Dabiq and Rumiyah. We carried out a qualitative content analysis of the articles aimed at Muslim women and those in which they are specifically mentioned. We used Atlas.ti software to analyse the data. Daesh promotes a clear gender inequality, considering that Muslim women should be chaste, modest, obedient, faithful and submissive. They give her traditional roles as mother and wife. It is imperative to design preventive educational measures that include an Islamic feminist perspective.

References

Abdullah, K., Sukma, R., Jamhari, M., & Musa, M. (2012). Perception and Attitudes toward Terrorism in a Muslim Majority Country. Asian Social Science, 8(4), 77-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n4p77

Al Alhareth, Y., Al Alhareth, Y., & Al Dighrir, I. (2015). Review of women and society in Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Educational Research, 3(2), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-3-2-3

Al-Deen, T. J. (2018). Class, honour and reputation: gendered school choice practices in a migrant community. The Australian Educational Researcher, 45(3), 401-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-017-0255-6

Ali, Y. (2010). A Contextual Approach to the Views of Muslim Feminist Interpretation of the Qur’an Regarding Women and Their Rights. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 3(13), 313-331. https://bit.ly/2Mwix80

Bauer, K. (2009). The Male Is Not Like the Female (Q 3:36): The Question of Gender Egalitarianism in the Quran. Religion Compass, 3(4), 637-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00147.x

BBC. (2019). Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: IS leader appears in first video in five years. BBC. https://bbc.in/2ZLPbG6

Becerra, B. (2018). Becerra reclama en el parlamento europeo políticas de prevención de la radicalización centradas en la mujer. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2TTCQg9

Blasco, L. (2018). Shirin Ebadi, Nobel de la Paz: „El ‚feminismo islámico‘ es un concepto completamente equivocado“. BBC. https://bbc.in/2PnrT8n

Campelo, N., Oppetit, A., Neau, F., Cohen, D., & Bronsard, G. (2018). Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalisation? A multidisciplinary review of their psychological and social profiles. European Psychiatry, 52, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.03.001

Corán. Traducción comentada de El Corán por Isa García. https://bit.ly/3AUxedf

CTED. (2019). Gender dimensions of the response to returning foreign terrorist fighters: research perspectives. https://bit.ly/2Uaxuwq

Europol. (2019). Women in Islamic State propaganda. Roles and incentives. https://bit.ly/2FcMwMH

Ghosh, R., Chan, W.Y., Manuel, A., & Dilimulati, M. (2017). Can education counter violent religious extremism? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 23(2), 117-133. DOI: 10.1080/11926422.2016.1165713

Gielen, A.J. (2018). Exit programmes for female jihadists: A proposal for conducting realistic evaluation of the Dutch approach. International Sociology, 33(4), 454-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580918775586

Giscard d’Estaing, S. (2017). Engaging women in countering violent extremism: avoiding instrumentalisation and furthering agency. Gender & Development, 25(1), 103-118. DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2017.1279823

Haleem, M. (2018). The role of context in interpreting and translating the qur’an. Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 20(1), 47-66. DOI: 10.3366/jqs.2018.0320

Hayes, A, & Krippendorff, K. (2007). Answering the call for standard reliability measure for coding data. Communication methods and measure, 1(1), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450709336664

Kabasakal, Z.F., & Hasan, A. (2018). Muslim masculinities: what is the prescription of the Qur’an? Journal of Gender Studies, 27(7), 788-801. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2017.1316246

Koopmans, R. (2015). Religious fundamentalism and hostility against out-groups. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2014.935307

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis. SAGE Publications.

Llorent, V. (2013). Mujer y educación en las sociedades islámicas. Omnia, 19(3), 117-132. https://bit.ly/3ciSBL0

Loken, M., & Zelenz, A. (2018). Explaining extremism: Western women in Daesh. European Journal of International Security, 3(1), 45-68. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2017.13

Lussier, D. N., & Fish, M. S. (2016). Men, Muslims, and Attitudes toward Gender Inequality. Politics and Religion, 9(1), 29-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048315000826

Mahood & Rane, (2017). Islamist narratives in ISIS recruitment propaganda. The Journal of International Communication, 23(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2016.1263231

Mendoza, B.E (2018). Transforming ‘everyday Islam’ through feminism and higher education: second-generation Muslim women in Spain. Contemporary Levant, 3(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/20581831.2018.1455345

Miles, M.B, & Huberman, A.M (1994). Análisis de datos cualitativos: un libro de consulta ampliado (2ª ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Montes-Vozmediano, M., García-Jiménez, A., & Menor-Sendra, J. (2018). Teen videos on Youtube: Features and digital vulnerabilities. Comunicar, 54, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.3916/C54-2018-06

Morgades-Bamba, C.I., Raynal, P., & Chabrol, H. (2018). Exploring the Radicalization Process in Young Women. Terrorism and Political Violence. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1481051

Myers, E., & Fellow, S. (2018). Gender & Countering Violent Extremism (CVE). Alliance for Peacebuilding. https://bit.ly/2zblLF6

Niemi, P. M., Benjamin, S., Kuusisto, A., Gearon, L. (2018). How and Why Education Counters Ideological Extremism in Finland. Religions, 9(420), 1-16. doi:10.3390/rel9120420

Novenario, C.M. (2016). Differentiating Al Qaeda and the Islamic State Through Strategies Publicized in Jihadist Magazines. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(11), 953-967. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1151679.

Nuraniyah, N. (2018). Not Just Brainwashed: Understanding the Radicalization of Indonesian Female Supporters of the Islamic State. Terrorism and Political Violence, 30(6), 890-910. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1481269

Nurmila, N. (2011). The Influence of Global Muslim Feminism on Indonesian Muslim Feminist Discourse. Al-Jami ah Journal of Islamic Studies, 49(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2011.491.33-64

Oleinik, A., Popova, I., Kirdina, S., & Shatalova, T. (2014). On the choice of measures of reliability and validity in the content-analysis of texts. Quality & Quantity, 48(5), 2703-2718. https://bit.ly/2SzCZDR

Orav, A., Shreeves, R., & Radjenovic, A. (2018). Radicalisation and counter- radicalisation: A gender perspective. Brussels: European Parliament. https://bit.ly/2HjvJc9

Patel, S., & Westermann, J. (2018). Women and Islamic-State Terrorism: An Assessment of How Gender Perspectives Are Integrated in Countering Violent Extremism Policy and Practices. Security Challenges, 14(2), 53-81.

Pearson, E. (2015). The case of Roshonara Choudhry: implications for theory on online radicalisation, ISIS women, and the gendered jihad. Policy and Internet, 5-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.101

Pearson, E., & Winterbotham, E. (2017). Women, Gender and Daesh Radicalisation. The RUSI Journal, 162(3), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2017.1353251

Pedersen, W., Vestel, V., & Bakken, A. (2017). At risk for radicalization and jihadism? Cooperation and Conflict, 53(1), 61-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836717716721

Piazza, A., & Guler, A. (2019). The Online Caliphate: Internet Usage and ISIS Support in the Arab World. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2019.1606801.

RAN. (2015). The role of gender in violent extremism. https://bit.ly/2I9Y2IR

Saltman, E. M., & Smith, M. (2015). ‘Till Martyrdom Do Us Part’ Gender and the ISIS Phenomenon. Institute for Strategic Dialogue. https://bit.ly/2PnsNBN

Schatzman, L., & Strauss, A.L. (1973). Field research: Strategies for a natural sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Scott, R.M. (2009). A contextual approach to women’s rigths in the Qur’ãn: Reading of 4:34. The muslim world, 99(1), 60-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2009.01253.x

Seedat, F. (2013). When Islam and Feminism Converge. The Muslim World, 103(3), 404-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/muwo.12022

UN WOMEN. (2016). Women and Violent Radicalization in Jordan. https://bit.ly/2zfuje0

UNESCO. (2017). Preventing violent extremism through education: a guide for policy makers. https://bit.ly/2zeZYwo

UNESCO. (2018). UNESCO in action: preveting violent extremism worldwide. https://bit.ly/2V7jtAE

Windsor, L. (2018). The Language of Radicalization: Female Internet Recruitment to Participation in ISIS Activities. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2017.1385457

Zhirkov, K., Verkuyten, M., & Weesie, J. (2014). Perceptions of world politics and support for terrorism among Muslims. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 31(5), 481–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894213510121

Published

2022-12-20

How to Cite

Navarro-Granados, M. . (2022). Training of muslim women in Daesh digital magazines. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 14(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4126