First report of deinonychosaurian trackway from the Cretaceous of Guizhou, China

Yanjiao  Qin; Lida  Xing

doi:10.37819/biosis.002.02.0099

First report of deinonychosaurian trackway from the Cretaceous of Guizhou, China

Yanjiao Qin ,

Lida Xing ,

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Abstract

The southern edge of Sichuan Basin has a long-standing folklore about the Tian Ji Stone, which actually tells of the theropod tracks. Here we describe a new Tian Ji track site named Xinglongwan in Chishui, Guizhou Province, China. Two kilometers away from the old site recorded in 2011, the later with cf. Irenesauripus isp. are morphologically different from the Xinglongwan theropod tracks. The tridactyl tracks from Xinglongwan site have been assigned to the cf. Eubrontes. Didactyl tracks in the Xinglongwan site, which are the first discovery of deinonychosaurian tracks in Guizhou Province, are assigned to the Velociraptorichnus. Both tracks were recorded in the report about ichnofauna in Jiaguan Formation, representing the diversity of theropod tracks in Sichuan Basin. The authors also briefly discuss the preservation mode and potential external-morphological changes of cf. Eubrontes and Velociraptorichnus from Xinglongwan site.

Keywords: Eubrontes Velociraptorichnus Sichuan Basin Jiading Group Jiaguan Formation Wotoushan Formation

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References

Alexander, R. (1976). Estimates of speeds of dinosaurs. Nature, 261, 129-130. https://doi.org/10.1038/261129a0
CGCMS (Compiling Group of Continental Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeon-tology in Sichuan Basin of China). (1982). Continental Mesozoic Stratigraphyand Palaeontology in Sichuan Basin of China (pp.405). People’s Publishing House of Sichuan Chengdu.
Geng, Q. (2011). Tectonic sequence stratigraphy and lithofacies paleogeography of Cretaceous-Paleogene in Sichuan Basin of China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology Science & Technology Edition, 38(4), 394-401.
Hao, Y.C., Su, D.Y., Yu, J.X., Li, Y.G., Zhang W.P.& Liu G.F. (2000). The Stratigraphic Lexicon of China: Cretaceous (in Chinese) (pp. 124). Beijing Geological Publishing House.
Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S.& Lockley, M.G. (2008). New didactyl dinosaur footprints (Dromaeosauripus hamanensis ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation, south coast of Korea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 262, 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.02.003
Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Woo, J.O.& Kim, S.H. (2012). Unusual didactyl traces from the Jinju Formation (Early Cretaceous South Korea) indicate a new ichnospecies of Dromaeosauripus. Ichnos, 19, 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2012.664054
Kuang, H.W., Liu, Y.Q., Wu, Q.Z., Cheng, G.S., Xu, K.M., Liu, H., Peng, N., Xu, H., Chen, J., Wang, B.H., Xu, J.L., Wang, M.W.& Zhang, P. (2013). Dinosaur track sites and palaeogeography of the late early Cretaceous in Shuhe rifting zone of Shandong Province. Journal of Palaeogeography, 15 (4), 435-453.
Leng, Y.Y., Luo, B.J., Zhang, L.& Yang, L. (2017). The Destructive Effect of Chishui Danxia Caused by Rock Body Temperature Stress and Differentiating Weathering Guizhou Geology, 2,123-127.
Li, R.H., Lockley, M.G., Makovicky, P.J., Matsukawa, M., Norell, M.A., Har-ris, J.D.& Liu, M.W. (2007). Behavioural and faunal implications of Early Cretaceous deinonychosaur trackways from China. Naturwissenschaften, 95,185-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-007-0310-7
Lockley, M.G. (2009). New perspectives on morphological variation in tridactyl footprints: clues to widespread convergence in developmental dynamics. Geological Quarterly, 53, 415-432.
Lockley, M.G., Li, J.J., Li, R.H., Matsukawa, M., Harris, J.D.& Xing, L.D. (2013). A review of the tetrapod track record in China, with special reference to type ichnospecies: implications for ichnotaxonomy and paleobiology. Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition), 87(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12026
Lockley, M.G.& Xing, L.D. (2015). Flattened fossil footprints: implications for paleobiology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 426, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.008
Long, K., Chen, H.D., Lin, L.B., Xu, S.L.& Cheng, L.X. (2011). Cretaceous tectonic sequence and litho-paleogeographic evolution in the Sichuan Basin. Journal of Stratigraphy (in Chinese), 35(3), 328-336.
Lull, R.S. (1904). Fossil footprints of the Jura-Trias of North America. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 5, 461-557.
Olsen, P.E., Smith, J.B., McDonald, N.C. (1998). Type material of the type species of the classic theropod footprint genera Eubrontes, Anchisauripus and Grallator (Early Jurassic, Hartford and Deerfield Basins, Connecticut and Massachusetts, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18 (3), 586-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011086
Thulborn, T. (1990). Dinosaur Tracks. London: Chapman & Hall.
Wang, D.J. (2020). Study on characteristics of red layer weathering in Danxia landform area, Chishui city (p.79). Master's thesis, Guizhou University.
Xing, L.D., Mayor, A., Chen, Y., Harris, J.D.& Burns, M.E. (2011a). The Folklore of Dinosaur Trackways in China: Impact on Paleontology. Ichnos, 18(4), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2011.634038
Xing, L.D., Harris, J.D., Gierliński, G.D., Wang, W.M., Wang, Z.Y.& Li, D.Q. (2011b). Middle Cretaceous Non–avian Theropod trackways from the Southern Margin of the Sichuan Basin, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 50(4), 470-480.
Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Marty, D., Klein, H., Buckley, L.G., McCrea, R.T., Zhang, J.P., Gierliński, G.D., Divay, J.D.& Wu, Q.Z. (2013a). Diverse dinosaur ichnoassemblages from the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group in the Yishu fault zone, Shandong Province, China. Cretaceous Research, 45, 114-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.07.009
Xing, L.D., Li, D.Q., Harris, J.D., Bell, P.R., Azuma, Y., Fujita, M., Lee, Y.& Currie, P.J. (2013b). A new deinonychosaurian track from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group, Gansu Province, China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58(4), 723-730. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0115
Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Yang, G., Xu, X., Cao, J., Klein, H., Persons,W.S.I.V., Shen, H.J.& Zheng, X.M.(2015). Unusual deinonychosaurian track morphology (Velociraptorichnus zhangi n. ichnosp.) from the Lower Cretaceous Xiaoba Formation, Sichuan Province, China. Palaeoworld, 24, 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2015.04.004
Xing, L.D.& Lockley, M.G. (2016). Early Cretaceous dinosaur and other tetrapod tracks of southwestern China. Science Bulletin, 61(13), 1044-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-016-1093-z
Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G.& Zhang, J.P. (2016a). Early Cretaceous dinosaur and other tetrapod tracks of southwestern China. Ningbo: Ningbo Publishing House, 1-410.
Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Marty, D., Klein, H., Yang, G., Zhang, J.P., Peng, G.Z., Ye, Y., Persons, W.S.I.V., Yin, X.Y.& Xu, T. (2016b). A diverse saurischian (theropodsauropod) dominated footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China: A new ornithischian ichnotaxon, pterosaur tracks and an unusual sauropod walking pattern. Cretaceous Research, 60, 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.005
Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Guo, Y., Klein, H., Zhang, Junqiang, Zhang, J., Persons IV, W.S., Romilio, A., Tang, Y.& Wang, X. (2018a). Multiple parallel deinonychosaurian trackways from a diverse dinosaur track assemblage of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group of Shandong Province, China. Cretaceous Research, 90, 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.005
Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Tang, Y.Z., Romilio, A., Xu, T., Li, X.W., Tang, Y.& Li, Y.Z. (2018b). Tetrapod track assemblages from Lower Cretaceous desert facies in the Ordos Basin, Shaanxi Province, China, and their implications for Mesozoic paleoecology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 507, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.016
Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Du, T.M., Zhang, L.J., Klein, H., Romilio, A., Persons, W.S.IV., Wang, K., Li, Z.Y.& Wan, X.Q. (2019). Dinosaur tracks from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary Tuchengzi Formation (Hebei Province, China) used as building stones in the Chengde imperial summer resort: age, ichnology, and history. Cretaceous Research, 107, 104310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104310
Zhen, S.N., Li, J.J., Chen, W.& Zhu, S. (1994). Dinosaur and bird footprints from the Lower Cretaceous of Emei County Sichuan. Memoirs of the Beijing Natural History, 54, 105-120.

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Qin , Y. ., & Xing, L. . (2021). First report of deinonychosaurian trackway from the Cretaceous of Guizhou, China. Biosis: Biological Systems, 2(2), 238–241. https://doi.org/10.37819/biosis.002.02.0099

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37819/biosis.002.02.0099

Published: 2021-06-22

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[1] Alexander, R. (1976). Estimates of speeds of dinosaurs. Nature, 261, 129-130. https://doi.org/10.1038/261129a0

[2] CGCMS (Compiling Group of Continental Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeon-tology in Sichuan Basin of China). (1982). Continental Mesozoic Stratigraphyand Palaeontology in Sichuan Basin of China (pp.405). People’s Publishing House of Sichuan Chengdu.

[3] Geng, Q. (2011). Tectonic sequence stratigraphy and lithofacies paleogeography of Cretaceous-Paleogene in Sichuan Basin of China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology Science & Technology Edition, 38(4), 394-401.

[4] Hao, Y.C., Su, D.Y., Yu, J.X., Li, Y.G., Zhang W.P.& Liu G.F. (2000). The Stratigraphic Lexicon of China: Cretaceous (in Chinese) (pp. 124). Beijing Geological Publishing House.

[5] Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S.& Lockley, M.G. (2008). New didactyl dinosaur footprints (Dromaeosauripus hamanensis ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation, south coast of Korea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 262, 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.02.003

[6] Kim, J.Y., Lockley, M.G., Woo, J.O.& Kim, S.H. (2012). Unusual didactyl traces from the Jinju Formation (Early Cretaceous South Korea) indicate a new ichnospecies of Dromaeosauripus. Ichnos, 19, 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2012.664054

[7] Kuang, H.W., Liu, Y.Q., Wu, Q.Z., Cheng, G.S., Xu, K.M., Liu, H., Peng, N., Xu, H., Chen, J., Wang, B.H., Xu, J.L., Wang, M.W.& Zhang, P. (2013). Dinosaur track sites and palaeogeography of the late early Cretaceous in Shuhe rifting zone of Shandong Province. Journal of Palaeogeography, 15 (4), 435-453.

[8] Leng, Y.Y., Luo, B.J., Zhang, L.& Yang, L. (2017). The Destructive Effect of Chishui Danxia Caused by Rock Body Temperature Stress and Differentiating Weathering Guizhou Geology, 2,123-127.

[9] Li, R.H., Lockley, M.G., Makovicky, P.J., Matsukawa, M., Norell, M.A., Har-ris, J.D.& Liu, M.W. (2007). Behavioural and faunal implications of Early Cretaceous deinonychosaur trackways from China. Naturwissenschaften, 95,185-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-007-0310-7

[10] Lockley, M.G. (2009). New perspectives on morphological variation in tridactyl footprints: clues to widespread convergence in developmental dynamics. Geological Quarterly, 53, 415-432.

[11] Lockley, M.G., Li, J.J., Li, R.H., Matsukawa, M., Harris, J.D.& Xing, L.D. (2013). A review of the tetrapod track record in China, with special reference to type ichnospecies: implications for ichnotaxonomy and paleobiology. Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition), 87(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12026

[12] Lockley, M.G.& Xing, L.D. (2015). Flattened fossil footprints: implications for paleobiology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 426, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.008

[13] Long, K., Chen, H.D., Lin, L.B., Xu, S.L.& Cheng, L.X. (2011). Cretaceous tectonic sequence and litho-paleogeographic evolution in the Sichuan Basin. Journal of Stratigraphy (in Chinese), 35(3), 328-336.

[14] Lull, R.S. (1904). Fossil footprints of the Jura-Trias of North America. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 5, 461-557.

[15] Olsen, P.E., Smith, J.B., McDonald, N.C. (1998). Type material of the type species of the classic theropod footprint genera Eubrontes, Anchisauripus and Grallator (Early Jurassic, Hartford and Deerfield Basins, Connecticut and Massachusetts, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18 (3), 586-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011086

[16] Thulborn, T. (1990). Dinosaur Tracks. London: Chapman & Hall.

[17] Wang, D.J. (2020). Study on characteristics of red layer weathering in Danxia landform area, Chishui city (p.79). Master's thesis, Guizhou University.

[18] Xing, L.D., Mayor, A., Chen, Y., Harris, J.D.& Burns, M.E. (2011a). The Folklore of Dinosaur Trackways in China: Impact on Paleontology. Ichnos, 18(4), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2011.634038

[19] Xing, L.D., Harris, J.D., Gierliński, G.D., Wang, W.M., Wang, Z.Y.& Li, D.Q. (2011b). Middle Cretaceous Non–avian Theropod trackways from the Southern Margin of the Sichuan Basin, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 50(4), 470-480.

[20] Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Marty, D., Klein, H., Buckley, L.G., McCrea, R.T., Zhang, J.P., Gierliński, G.D., Divay, J.D.& Wu, Q.Z. (2013a). Diverse dinosaur ichnoassemblages from the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group in the Yishu fault zone, Shandong Province, China. Cretaceous Research, 45, 114-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.07.009

[21] Xing, L.D., Li, D.Q., Harris, J.D., Bell, P.R., Azuma, Y., Fujita, M., Lee, Y.& Currie, P.J. (2013b). A new deinonychosaurian track from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group, Gansu Province, China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58(4), 723-730. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0115

[22] Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Yang, G., Xu, X., Cao, J., Klein, H., Persons,W.S.I.V., Shen, H.J.& Zheng, X.M.(2015). Unusual deinonychosaurian track morphology (Velociraptorichnus zhangi n. ichnosp.) from the Lower Cretaceous Xiaoba Formation, Sichuan Province, China. Palaeoworld, 24, 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2015.04.004

[23] Xing, L.D.& Lockley, M.G. (2016). Early Cretaceous dinosaur and other tetrapod tracks of southwestern China. Science Bulletin, 61(13), 1044-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-016-1093-z

[24] Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G.& Zhang, J.P. (2016a). Early Cretaceous dinosaur and other tetrapod tracks of southwestern China. Ningbo: Ningbo Publishing House, 1-410.

[25] Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Marty, D., Klein, H., Yang, G., Zhang, J.P., Peng, G.Z., Ye, Y., Persons, W.S.I.V., Yin, X.Y.& Xu, T. (2016b). A diverse saurischian (theropodsauropod) dominated footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China: A new ornithischian ichnotaxon, pterosaur tracks and an unusual sauropod walking pattern. Cretaceous Research, 60, 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.005

[26] Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Guo, Y., Klein, H., Zhang, Junqiang, Zhang, J., Persons IV, W.S., Romilio, A., Tang, Y.& Wang, X. (2018a). Multiple parallel deinonychosaurian trackways from a diverse dinosaur track assemblage of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group of Shandong Province, China. Cretaceous Research, 90, 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.005

[27] Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Tang, Y.Z., Romilio, A., Xu, T., Li, X.W., Tang, Y.& Li, Y.Z. (2018b). Tetrapod track assemblages from Lower Cretaceous desert facies in the Ordos Basin, Shaanxi Province, China, and their implications for Mesozoic paleoecology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 507, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.016

[28] Xing, L.D., Lockley, M.G., Du, T.M., Zhang, L.J., Klein, H., Romilio, A., Persons, W.S.IV., Wang, K., Li, Z.Y.& Wan, X.Q. (2019). Dinosaur tracks from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary Tuchengzi Formation (Hebei Province, China) used as building stones in the Chengde imperial summer resort: age, ichnology, and history. Cretaceous Research, 107, 104310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104310

[29] Zhen, S.N., Li, J.J., Chen, W.& Zhu, S. (1994). Dinosaur and bird footprints from the Lower Cretaceous of Emei County Sichuan. Memoirs of the Beijing Natural History, 54, 105-120.