A Lacewing Bug, Paleoanomala aptenus gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Tingidae), in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber

George Poinar, Jr.; Fernando Vega

doi:10.37819/biosis.001.02.0057

A Lacewing Bug, Paleoanomala aptenus gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Tingidae), in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber

George Poinar, Jr. ,

Fernando Vega ,

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Abstract

A female lacewing bug in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber is described as Paleoanomala aptenus gen. et sp. nov. (Tingidae: Hemiptera). This specimen is small and flightless and has partially fused hemelytra. The dorsum is covered with areoles formed by large dark punctures. The vestigial eyes, lack of ocelli, and a flattened body suggest that this specimen lived in a stable, protected habitat. It is proposed that the precursor of Paleoanomala was macropterous with functional wings, however, the suture separating the original hemelytra is now partially fused and not capable of separation.

Keywords: Burmese amber Hemiptera Lacewing Mid-Cretaceous amber Myanmar Tingidae

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References

Brewbaker, J. L. (1967). The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and trinucleate pollen grains in the angiosperms. American Journal of Botany, 54(9), 1069-1083. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1967.tb10735.x
Comstock, J. H. (1950). An Introduction to Entomology (9th ed.). Comstock Publishing Company.
Cruickshank, R. D., & Ko, K. (2003). Geology of an amber locality in the Hukawng Valley, northern Myanmar. Journal of asian earth Sciences, 21(5), 441-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00044-5
Golub, V. B., & Popov, Y. A. (2000). A remarkable fossil lace bug from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey amber (Heteroptera: Tingoidea, Vianaididae), with some phylogenetic commentary. In D. Grimaldi (Ed.), Studies on Fossils in Amber, with Particular References to the Cretaceous of New Jersey (pp. 231–239). Backhuys Publishers.
Golub, V. B., & Heiss, E. (2020). Three new species of the lacebug genus Tingiometra from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae: Tingiometrinae). Zootaxa, 4767(4), 531-542. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4767.4.3
Gross, C. F., & Cassis, G. (1991). Superfamily Tingoidea, In: The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research Workers (pp. 493–494). Cornell University Press.
Guilbert, E., & Heiss, E. (2019a). New lacebugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 94, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.024
Guilbert, E., & Heiss, E. (2019b). New species of Tingiphatnoma from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Palaeoentomology, 2, 340–344. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.7
Heiss, E., & Guilbert, E. (2013). Two new genera and species of Tingidae from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 3736(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3736.4.5
Heiss, E., & Guilbert, E. (2018). A new species of Tingidae from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 4457(2), 339–345. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.2.10
Heiss, E., & Guilbert, E. (2019). New species of Tingiphatnoma from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Palaeoentomology, 2(4), 340–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.7
Heiss, E., Golub, V. B., & Popov, Y. A. (2015). A new subfamily, genus and species of Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Burmese amber. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 67, 1–9.
Kormilev, N. A. (1955). A new myrmecophile family of Hemiptera from the delta of Rio Parana, Argentina. Revista Ecuatoriana de Entomología y Parasitología, 2, 465–477.
Laporte, F.L. de (1833). Essai d’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.). Magasin de Zoologie, 2, 1–88.
Maksoud, S., Azar, D., & Huang, D. (2019). Tingiphatnoma andreneli sp. nov., a new tingid bug from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Palaeoentomology, 2(6), 576-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.6
Montemayor, S. I., & Carpintero, D. L. (2007). A new macropterous genus with a new species of Vianaididae (Heteroptera, Tingoidea, Vianaididae) from Peru. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 42(2), 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520600997611
Poinar Jr., G. (2019). A Naturalist’s Guide to Plant Communities of Pacific Northwest Dune Forests and Wetlands. Texas, U.S.A.: BRIT Press.
Poinar Jr, G. O., Lambert, G. J. B., & Wu Y. (2007). Araucarian source of fossiliferous Burmese amber: spectroscopic and anatomical evidence. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1(1), 449–455.
Schuh, R. T., & Slater, J. A. (1995). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Cornell University Press.
Shi, G., Grimaldi, D. A., Harlow, G. E., Wang, J., Wang, J., Yang, M., Lei, W, Li, Q, & Li, X. (2012). Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U-Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Research, 37, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.014
Usinger, R. L. (1950). The origin and distribution of apterous Aradidae. Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Entomology, pp. 174–179.

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Poinar, Jr., G., & Vega, F. (2020). A Lacewing Bug, Paleoanomala aptenus gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Tingidae), in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber. Biosis: Biological Systems, 1(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.37819/biosis.001.02.0057

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37819/biosis.001.02.0057

Published: 2020-06-05

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[1] Brewbaker, J. L. (1967). The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and trinucleate pollen grains in the angiosperms. American Journal of Botany, 54(9), 1069-1083. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1967.tb10735.x

[2] Comstock, J. H. (1950). An Introduction to Entomology (9th ed.). Comstock Publishing Company.

[3] Cruickshank, R. D., & Ko, K. (2003). Geology of an amber locality in the Hukawng Valley, northern Myanmar. Journal of asian earth Sciences, 21(5), 441-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00044-5

[4] Golub, V. B., & Popov, Y. A. (2000). A remarkable fossil lace bug from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey amber (Heteroptera: Tingoidea, Vianaididae), with some phylogenetic commentary. In D. Grimaldi (Ed.), Studies on Fossils in Amber, with Particular References to the Cretaceous of New Jersey (pp. 231–239). Backhuys Publishers.

[5] Golub, V. B., & Heiss, E. (2020). Three new species of the lacebug genus Tingiometra from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae: Tingiometrinae). Zootaxa, 4767(4), 531-542. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4767.4.3

[6] Gross, C. F., & Cassis, G. (1991). Superfamily Tingoidea, In: The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research Workers (pp. 493–494). Cornell University Press.

[7] Guilbert, E., & Heiss, E. (2019a). New lacebugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 94, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.024

[8] Guilbert, E., & Heiss, E. (2019b). New species of Tingiphatnoma from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Palaeoentomology, 2, 340–344. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.7

[9] Heiss, E., & Guilbert, E. (2013). Two new genera and species of Tingidae from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 3736(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3736.4.5

[10] Heiss, E., & Guilbert, E. (2018). A new species of Tingidae from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 4457(2), 339–345. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.2.10

[11] Heiss, E., & Guilbert, E. (2019). New species of Tingiphatnoma from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Palaeoentomology, 2(4), 340–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.7

[12] Heiss, E., Golub, V. B., & Popov, Y. A. (2015). A new subfamily, genus and species of Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Burmese amber. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 67, 1–9.

[13] Kormilev, N. A. (1955). A new myrmecophile family of Hemiptera from the delta of Rio Parana, Argentina. Revista Ecuatoriana de Entomología y Parasitología, 2, 465–477.

[14] Laporte, F.L. de (1833). Essai d’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.). Magasin de Zoologie, 2, 1–88.

[15] Maksoud, S., Azar, D., & Huang, D. (2019). Tingiphatnoma andreneli sp. nov., a new tingid bug from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Palaeoentomology, 2(6), 576-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.6

[16] Montemayor, S. I., & Carpintero, D. L. (2007). A new macropterous genus with a new species of Vianaididae (Heteroptera, Tingoidea, Vianaididae) from Peru. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 42(2), 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520600997611

[17] Poinar Jr., G. (2019). A Naturalist’s Guide to Plant Communities of Pacific Northwest Dune Forests and Wetlands. Texas, U.S.A.: BRIT Press.

[18] Poinar Jr, G. O., Lambert, G. J. B., & Wu Y. (2007). Araucarian source of fossiliferous Burmese amber: spectroscopic and anatomical evidence. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1(1), 449–455.

[19] Schuh, R. T., & Slater, J. A. (1995). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Cornell University Press.

[20] Shi, G., Grimaldi, D. A., Harlow, G. E., Wang, J., Wang, J., Yang, M., Lei, W, Li, Q, & Li, X. (2012). Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U-Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Research, 37, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.014

[21] Usinger, R. L. (1950). The origin and distribution of apterous Aradidae. Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Entomology, pp. 174–179.