SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY OF FEMALES

Authors

  • Munifah Khalil
  • Fahad Tanveer
  • Danish Ali Khan

Abstract

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infertility is one of the most worrisome women health issue in today’s world. The reason of its yearly increase may be the increasing reporting rate that previously people do not talk about unless decades pass. Non-fertile females may develop number of correlating social dilemmas. These factors need to be identified whether these are associated with status of fertility.
OBJECTIVE: To determine social factors affecting fertility of females of Lahore
METHODS: This was cross sectional survey conducted in Teaching Hospital of University of Lahore and Social Security Hospital, Multan Road. Total of 126 females surveyed through a sample of convenience, distributed 63 as fertile and 63 as non-fertile.
RESULTS: The results showed that mean and standard deviation for age, duration of infertility and body mass index for fertile group was 23.285+3.470, 0.174+0.382 and 24.222+1.853, while for non-fertile group were those of 26.523+4.211, 5.44+3.251 and 26.333+1.722, respectively. There found factors significantly associated with status fertility, while the factors which were not associated found to be residing place and the change in attitude towards sexual intimacy p value 0.323 and 0.843.
CONCLUSION: The factors significantly associated with status of fertility were age, occupation, quality of life, life stress, overall satisfaction, relationship with in mother and father in law, relationship with community and that of Body Mass Index. While the factors which were not associated found to be residing place and change in attitude towards sexual intimacy.
KEYWORDS: Social factors, Fertility, Infertility, Physical Therapy

References

Edmonds DK. Gynaecological disorders of childhood and adolescence. Dewhurst’s Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Seventh Edition. 1999:364-8.

Nachtigall RD. International disparities in access to infertility services. Fertility and sterility. 2006;85(4):871-5.

Mokhtar S, Hassan HA, Mahdy N, Elkhwsky F, Shehata G. Risk factors for primary and secondary female infertility in Alexandria: a hospital-based case-control study. J Med Res Institute. 2006;27(4):255-61.

Jumayev I, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Rustamov O, Zakirova N, Kasuya H, Sakamoto J. Social correlates of female infertility in Uzbekistan. Nagoya journal of medical science. 2012;74(3-4):273.

Dyer SJ, Abrahams N, Hoffman M, van der Spuy ZM. Men leave me as I cannot have children’: women’s experiences with involuntary childlessness. Human Reproduction. 2002;17(6):1663-8.

Gerrits T. Social and cultural aspects of infertility in Mozambique. Patient education and counseling. 1997;31(1):39-48.

Okonofua FE, Harris D, Odebiyi A, Kane T, Snow RC. The social meaning of infertility in Southwest Nigeria. Health transition review. 1997:205-20.

Sami N, Ali TS. Psycho-social consequences of secondary infertility in Karachi. JPMA The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2006;56(1):19.

Donkor ES, Sandall J. The impact of perceived stigma and mediating social factors on infertility-related stress among women seeking infertility treatment in Southern Ghana. Social science & medicine. 2007;65(8):1683-94.

Hollos M, Larsen U. Motherhood in subâ€Saharan Africa: The social consequences of infertility in an urban population in northern Tanzania. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2008;10(2):159-73.

Greil AL. Infertility and psychological distress: a critical review of the literature. Social science & medicine. 1997;45(11):1679-704.

Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility: lippincott Williams & wilkins; 2005.

Homan G, Davies M, Norman R. The impact of lifestyle factors on reproductive performance in the general population and those undergoing infertility treatment: a review. Human reproduction update. 2007;13(3):209-23.

Olsen J. Cigarette smoking, tea and coffee drinking, and subfecundity. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1991;133(7):734-9.

Šulović V, Ljubić A. Medical and social factors influencing reproduction in Serbia. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo. 2002;130(7-8):247-50.

Terävä A-N, Gissler M, Hemminki E, Luoto R. Infertility and the use of infertility treatments in Finland: prevalence and socio-demographic determinants 1992–2004. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2008;136(1):61-6.

Tolstrup JS, Kjær SK, Holst C, Sharif H, Munk C, Osler M, et al. Alcohol use as predictor for infertility in a representative population of Danish women. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003;82(8):744-9.

Ombelet W, Campo R. Affordable IVF for developing countries. Reproductive biomedicine online. 2007;15(3):257-65.

Pal M, Devgun P, Chalana H, Kaur H, Biswas A, Sen S. A study of prevalence and socio-demographic profile of infertile couples in field practice area of a tertiary care centre, Amritsar, Punjab, India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health. 2017;3(6):1472-6.

Woodall PA, Kramer MR. Schistosomiasis and infertility in east Africa. 2018.

Beckham SW, Shembilu CR, Brahmbhatt H, Winch PJ, Beyrer C, Kerrigan DL. Female sex workers’ experiences with intended pregnancy and antenatal care services in southern Tanzania. Studies in family planning. 2015;46(1):55-71.

Gana K, Jakubowska S. Relationship between infertility-related stress and emotional distress and marital satisfaction. Journal of health psychology. 2016;21(6):1043-54.

Wiweko B, Anggraheni U, Elvira SD, Lubis HP. Distribution of stress level among infertility patients. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 2017;22(2):145-8.

Wilding R. Families, Intimacy and Globalization: Macmillan International Higher Education; 2018.

Downloads

Published

11/19/2020