VALIDATION OF THE SALIVARY UREA TEST AS A METHOD TO DIAGNOSE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Serum urea correlates very well to salivary urea, which can be used as a low-cost, easily accessible and noninvasive diagnostic method for screening patients in early stages of kidney disease, especially in developing countries where resources are limited, giving the possibility of establishing secondary prevention programs later.
The advantages of saliva over blood for diagnostic purposes, are that it is inexpensive, non-invasive, easy to collect, use, store and transport, contain high amount of disease biomarkers and shows efficient and reliable results. This study was done in a public sector hospital to asses and proves the salivary diagnostics as reliable alternate to serum.
OBJECTIVE: To determine validation of the salivary urea test as a method to diagnose chronic kidney disease.
METHODOLOGY: It was cross-sectional validation study of approximately 1 year duration from 20012 June to 2013 June. Sampling done through non-probability consecutive sampling technique from the patients attending the Nephrology OPD/Admitted patients of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi.
RESULTS: There is a significant correlation between the levels of Serum and Salivary Urea and Creatinine. A slight increase in the level of Serum urea will result in a significant increase in the level of Salivary Urea. Almost 63.2% of changes in Serum Urea can be explained by the changes in Salivary Urea level.
A slight increase in the level of Serum Creatinine will result in a significant increase in the level of Salivary Creatinine. Almost 64.6% of changes in serum Creatinine can be explained by the changes in salivary Creatinine levels.
CONCLUSION: The development of new, less invasive diagnostic tests is a worthy goal. The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid as opposed to blood is an obvious alternative, and has previously been shown to be applicable towards diagnosis of various diseases. The use of creatinine to diagnose kidney health is an established practice that translates well into the development of a salivary assay. In this study, it has been shown that the development and marketing of a salivary creatinine test would be a profitable venture
KEY WORDS: Saliva, Tool, Renal Failure, Oral Pathology.
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J Nephrol. Zúñiga ME1, Estremadoyro LO, León CP, Huapaya JA, Cieza JA.Validation of the salivary urea test as a method to diagnose chronic kidney disease. 2012 May-Jun;25(3):431-6. doi: 10.5301/jn.5000022
